Kua (Malus pumila Mill.), Rosaceae txiv apple deciduous tsob ntoo, qia siab, twigs luv thiab tuab, cylindrical; nplooj oval, du nto, npoo nrog serrations, tuab petioles; paj yog me me kaus-puab, daj ntseg liab, nto plaub hau; txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog loj, flattened spherical, luv thiab tuab peduncle; flowering lub sij hawm yog lub Tsib Hlis; txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub sij hawm Lub Xya hli ntuj ~ Lub kaum hli ntuj. Lub npe ntawm cov kua tau pom thawj zaug hauv Wang Shimao "Xuepu Yushu" nyob rau hauv Ming Dynasty: "Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm sab qaum teb av, uas yog, kev hloov ntawm cov paj nyiaj ntxiv." "
Txiv apples yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Europe, sab qaum teb Iran, yav qab teb Caucasus nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab Tuam Tshoj yog tsuas yog faib nyob rau hauv Xinjiang thiab Ningxia, feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv hillside terraces, tiaj mines thiab toj. Apples yog lub teeb-hlub, hardy, yuav tsum tau txias thiab qhuav huab cua, tsis khov thiab nyias, thiab yog haum rau xoob av, tob thiab fertile, zoo-drained nruab nrab los yog me ntsis acidic xuab zeb loams. Txoj kev propagation muaj xws li tuber method, grafting method, sowing method, cuttings method, and the natural reproduction method is dispersed by noob, of which grafting propagation is the fastest.
"Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" cov ntaub ntawv hais tias "txiv apples yug rau jinjin, moisturize lub ntsws, txo cov cua sov, appetize, sober, thiab kho mob nqaij thiab pob txha." Kua txiv yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, lub npe hu ua huab tais ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, Western kev noj zaub mov ib txwm muaj lub tswv yim hais tias txiv apple ib hnub tsis tas yuav mus ntsib kws kho mob, ntau tus neeg Asmeskas kuj noj txiv apples ua cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev poob phaus, noj zaub mov ib hnub hauv ib lub lis piam, qhov no hnub tsuas noj txiv apples, hu ua apple day. Cov txiv apples loj thiab zoo nkauj, thiab lub sijhawm dai yog ntev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau bonsai rau chav txaus siab; Tej chaw ua si, tej chaw ntsuab lossis tej tshav puam feem ntau cog rau ntawm txoj kev mus saib; Thaum siav, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem noj nyoos, ua tiav rau hauv jams, khaws cia txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav los yog cov zaub mov hauv kaus poom, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv winemaking.
